What Is A Subordinating Conjunction Example

Subordinating conjunctions are the glue that binds dependent clauses to independent clauses, creating complex and nuanced sentences. They transform a simple clause into something more elaborate, adding layers of meaning and connection. Understanding and mastering subordinating conjunctions is crucial for crafting clear, sophisticated, and compelling writing.

Understanding Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions are words or phrases that introduce a dependent clause. A dependent clause, also known as a subordinate clause, is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. It relies on an independent clause to make complete sense. The subordinating conjunction acts as a bridge, linking the dependent clause to the main, independent clause.

In essence, subordinating conjunctions answer questions like:

When?
Where?
Why?
How?
Under what condition?
To what extent?

They provide context, establish relationships between ideas, and add depth to your sentences.

Key Characteristics of Subordinating Conjunctions:

Introduction of Dependent Clauses: Their primary function is to signal the beginning of a dependent clause. This clause contains a subject and a verb but relies on the independent clause for its complete meaning.
Establishment of Relationships: They create connections between the dependent and independent clauses, indicating relationships such as time, cause, condition, contrast, and purpose.
Flexibility in Sentence Structure: Subordinating conjunctions allow for flexibility in sentence construction. The dependent clause can come before or after the independent clause, influencing the emphasis and flow of the sentence. When the dependent clause comes first, it is usually followed by a comma.
Variety of Conjunctions: There are many subordinating conjunctions, each with its specific meaning and usage. Knowing these different conjunctions expands your ability to express complex ideas and create precise sentences.

Common Subordinating Conjunctions and Their Uses

The English language boasts a rich array of subordinating conjunctions, each designed to express specific relationships between clauses. Recognizing and understanding these conjunctions is key to mastering complex sentence construction. Here's a breakdown of some of the most common subordinating conjunctions, categorized by the type of relationship they express:

Time

These conjunctions indicate when an action occurred or the duration of an event.

After: Indicates that one event happened following another.

Example: After the rain stopped, the sun came out.
Before: Indicates that one event happened preceding another.

Example: Before you leave, make sure to lock the door.
When: Indicates at what time or during what event something happens.

Example: When I finish my work, I will go for a walk.
While: Indicates that two actions are happening simultaneously or during the same period.

Example: While I was cooking dinner, my husband was watching TV.
Until: Indicates up to the point in time when something will happen.

Example: I will wait until you are ready.
As: Indicates that two events are happening at the same time or in the same manner.

Example: As the days grew shorter, the leaves began to change color.
Since: Indicates from a specific point in the past until now.

Example: I have lived here since I was a child.
As soon as: Indicates something happens immediately after something else.

Example: As soon as I get home, I'll call you.

Cause and Effect

These conjunctions explain why something happened or the result of an action.

Because: Explains the reason why something is happening.

Example: I am tired because I didn't sleep well last night.
Since: Similar to "because," it provides a reason or explanation.

Example: Since you are going to the store, can you buy some milk?
As: Can also be used to indicate cause, similar to "because" or "since."

Example: As it was raining, we decided to stay home.
So that: Indicates the purpose or intention behind an action.

Example: I study hard so that I can pass the exam.

Condition

These conjunctions present a condition that must be met for something else to happen.

If: Introduces a possible condition.

Example: If it rains, we will stay inside.
Unless: Introduces a condition under which something will not happen.

Example: Unless you study, you won't pass the test.
Provided that: Indicates a specific condition that must be met.

Example: You can borrow my car provided that you return it by tomorrow.
In case: Indicates a precaution taken because something might happen.

Example: Take an umbrella in case it rains.
As long as: Indicates a condition that must continue for something else to happen.

Example: As long as you're happy, I'm happy.

Contrast

These conjunctions show a difference or opposition between two ideas.

Although: Introduces a statement that contrasts with the main clause.

Example: Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
Though: Similar to "although," indicating a contrast.

Example: Though he is rich, he is not happy.
Even though: Emphasizes the contrast, making it stronger than "although" or "though."

Example: Even though I was tired, I finished the race.
Whereas: Introduces a contrast between two facts or situations.

Example: Some people like coffee, whereas others prefer tea.
While: Can also indicate a contrast, similar to "whereas."

Example: While some students learn quickly, others need more time.

Place

These conjunctions indicate a location or direction.

Where: Refers to a place or location.

Example: I know where you live.
Wherever: Refers to any place or location.

Example: You can sit wherever you like.

Manner

These conjunctions indicate how something is done.

As if: Introduces a clause that describes how something appears to be.

Example: He acted as if he were innocent.
As though: Similar to "as if," describing an appearance or impression.

Example: She looked as though she had seen a ghost.

Purpose

These conjunctions explain the reason or goal behind an action.

So that: Expresses the intention or purpose of an action.

Example: He saved money so that he could buy a car.
In order that: Similar to "so that," indicating purpose.

Example: She exercises regularly in order that she stays healthy.

Examples in Sentences

To solidify your understanding, let's look at more examples of subordinating conjunctions in complete sentences. Pay attention to how the conjunction connects the dependent and independent clauses and how the meaning changes with different conjunctions.

Because the traffic was heavy, I was late for the meeting.
If you study hard, you will succeed.
Although it was cold, we went swimming.
When the bell rings, the class will end.
I will not go unless you come with me.
As soon as I finish this email, I'll call you.
She moved to New York so that she could pursue her dreams.
Since it is raining, we should take an umbrella.
He behaved as if he were the boss.
Wherever you go, I will follow you.
You can have dessert after you finish your vegetables.
Before you go to bed, brush your teeth.
While I was walking to school, I saw an old friend.
I will wait here until you return.
As the music played, they danced the night away.
Even though he was tired, he continued to work.
Some people prefer summer, whereas others prefer winter.
This is the house where I grew up.
He explained the problem so that everyone could understand.
In order that she might pass the exam, she studied diligently.
He took a map in case he got lost.
As long as you tell the truth, you'll be fine.
He speaks as though he knows everything.
Provided that you take care of it, you can borrow my book.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Using subordinating conjunctions correctly can elevate your writing, but it's important to avoid common errors. Here are some pitfalls to watch out for:

Comma Splices: A comma splice occurs when two independent clauses are joined together with only a comma. This is incorrect. You can fix it by:
- Adding a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet) after the comma.
- Using a semicolon.
- Making the clauses into separate sentences.
- Using a subordinating conjunction to turn one of the independent clauses into a dependent clause.
Example of Comma Splice (Incorrect): The sun was shining, the birds were singing.

Corrected with Subordinating Conjunction: Because the sun was shining, the birds were singing.
Run-On Sentences: A run-on sentence occurs when two or more independent clauses are joined without proper punctuation or conjunctions. This can make your writing confusing and difficult to read.

Example of Run-On Sentence (Incorrect): I went to the store I bought milk and bread.

Corrected with Subordinating Conjunction: After I went to the store, I bought milk and bread.
Misplaced Modifiers: A misplaced modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that is incorrectly separated from the word it modifies. This can lead to confusion and unintended humor.

Example of Misplaced Modifier (Incorrect): Covered in chocolate sauce, I ate the ice cream. (This implies that I was covered in chocolate sauce.)

Corrected with Subordinating Conjunction: After the ice cream was covered in chocolate sauce, I ate it.
Incorrect Choice of Conjunction: Using the wrong subordinating conjunction can change the meaning of your sentence entirely. Make sure you choose the conjunction that accurately reflects the relationship between the clauses.

Example of Incorrect Conjunction: Because it was raining, I decided to go to the beach. (This doesn't make logical sense.)

Corrected Conjunction: Although it was raining, I decided to go to the beach.
Overuse of Subordinating Conjunctions: While subordinating conjunctions can add complexity and nuance to your writing, using them excessively can make your sentences long and convoluted. Strive for a balance between simple and complex sentences.

The Importance of Mastering Subordinating Conjunctions

Mastering the use of subordinating conjunctions is essential for developing strong writing skills. Here's why:

Clarity and Precision: Subordinating conjunctions allow you to express complex relationships between ideas with clarity and precision. They help you avoid ambiguity and ensure that your readers understand your intended meaning.
Sentence Variety: Using a variety of subordinating conjunctions can add interest and sophistication to your writing. It helps you avoid monotony and keeps your readers engaged.
Improved Communication: By mastering subordinating conjunctions, you can communicate your thoughts and ideas more effectively. You can express nuanced arguments, provide detailed explanations, and create compelling narratives.
Academic and Professional Success: In academic and professional settings, clear and effective communication is crucial for success. The ability to use subordinating conjunctions correctly is a valuable asset in writing essays, reports, presentations, and other forms of communication.

Tips for Practicing and Improving

Improving your understanding and use of subordinating conjunctions requires practice and attention to detail. Here are some tips to help you hone your skills:

Read Widely: Pay attention to how subordinating conjunctions are used in the writing of others. Analyze the sentences and identify the relationships between the clauses.
Practice Sentence Construction: Experiment with different subordinating conjunctions to see how they change the meaning of a sentence. Try rewriting simple sentences using subordinating conjunctions to create more complex and nuanced expressions.
Identify and Correct Errors: Review your own writing carefully to identify any errors in the use of subordinating conjunctions. Pay attention to comma splices, run-on sentences, misplaced modifiers, and incorrect conjunction choices.
Use Online Resources: Take advantage of the many online resources available to help you learn about subordinating conjunctions. There are websites, tutorials, and exercises that can provide you with additional practice and guidance.
Seek Feedback: Ask a teacher, tutor, or writing center for feedback on your writing. They can provide you with valuable insights and help you identify areas for improvement.

Conclusion

Subordinating conjunctions are indispensable tools for crafting sophisticated and nuanced sentences. By understanding their function and mastering their usage, you can elevate your writing, express complex ideas with clarity, and communicate effectively in a variety of contexts. Practice identifying and using subordinating conjunctions in your writing, and you'll soon discover the power they bring to your ability to articulate thoughts and ideas with precision and grace. Mastering subordinating conjunctions is an investment that yields significant returns in your communication skills, both personally and professionally.